According to the Department of Health guidelines, depression in children often presents differently than in adults. In younger children, depression typically manifests as crankiness and anger outbursts, while older children may display persistent sadness, withdrawal from previously enjoyed activities, changes in eating or sleeping patterns, irritability, fatigue, or expressions of worthlessness. 

Create opportunities for open communication by setting aside uninterrupted time to talk and listen. Avoid dismissing feelings with phrases like "you'll get over it" or "just be happy." Instead, acknowledge their emotions while expressing confidence in their ability to navigate challenges with support. 

If symptoms persist most of the day, most of the week, for more than two weeks, consult with a healthcare professional. Primary care practitioners can use screening tools like the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) to assess for depression and provide appropriate referrals. 

Evidence-based psychotherapy and parental guidance are the frontline treatments for childhood depression. In more severe cases, a combination of medication and therapy may be recommended by specialists.